308.
Pyotr Chaadaev, «Philosophical Letter» (1829, published 1836), as quoted in Figes, Natasha’s Dance, 132, and Dmytryshyn, Imperial Russia, 251.
Mikhail Nikiforovich Katkov, May 24, 1882, editorial in Moskovskie vedomosti (Moscow News), as excerpted in Verdansky, A Source Book for Russian History, 3:676.
Wilhelm Schwarz, Die Heilige Allianz (Stuttgart, 1935), 52.
Klemens von Metternich, Aus Metternich’s nachgelassenen Papieren, ed. Alfons v. Klinkowstroem (Vienna, 1881), 1:316.
Palmerston’s dispatch no. 6 to the Marquess of Clanricarde (ambassador in St. Petersburg), January 11, 1841, in The Foreign Policy of Victorian England, ed. Kenneth Bourne (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970), 252–53.
Isaiah Berlin, Vico and Herder: Two Studies in the History of Ideas (New York: Viking, 1976), 158, 204.
Jacques Barzun, From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life (New York: Perennial, 2000), 482.
Lewis Namier, Vanished Supremacies: Essays on European History, 1812–1918 (New York: Penguin Books, 1958), 203.
Nicholas V. Riasanovsky, A History of Russia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 336–39.
Allgemeine deutsche Biographie 33 (Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1891), 266.
Heinrich Sbrik, Metternich, der Staatsmann und der Mensch, 2 vols. (Munich, 1925), 1:354, as cited in Henry A. Kissinger, «The Conservative Dilemma: Reflections on the Political Thought of Metternich», American Political Science Review 48, no. 4 (December 1954): 1027.
Algernon Cecil, Metternich, 1773–1859 (London: Eyre and Spottiswood, 1947), 52.
Briefwechsel des Generals Leopold von Gerlach mit dem Bundestags-Gesandten Otto von Bismarck (Berlin, 1893), 334.
Horst Kohl, Die politischen Reden des Fursten Bismarck (Stuttgart, 1892), 264.
Speech of February 9, 1871, in Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, ser. 3, vol. 204 (February – March 1871), 82.
Christopher Clark, The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 (New York: HarperCollins, 2013).
Margaret MacMillan, The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914 (New York: Random House, 2013).
John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (New York: Macmillan, 1920), Chapter 5.
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Adda B. Bozeman, «Iran: U.S. Foreign Policy and the Tradition of Persian Statecraft», Orbis 23, no. 2 (Summer 1979): 397.
Hugh Kennedy, The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In (London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 2007), 34–40.
Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, vol. 1, The Classical Age of Islam