Христос под следствием. Журналист расследует факты об Иисусе (Стробел)
1
Lee Strobel, “Four Years in Jail—and Innocent,” Chicago Tribune (August 22,1976) and “Did Justice Close Her Eyes?” Chicago Tribune (August 21,1977).
2
Lee Strobel, “Youth’s Testimony Convicts Killers, but Death Stays Near,” Chicago Tribune (October 25, 1976).
3
Irenaeus, Adversus haereses 3.3.4.
4
Arthur G. Patzia, The Making of the New Testament (Downers Grove, 111.: InterVarsity Press, 1995), 164.
5
Там же, 49.
6
Karen Armstrong, A History of God (New York: Ballantine/Epiphany, 1993), 82.
7
William Lane Craig, The Son Rises: Historical Evidence for the Resurrection of Jesus (Chicago: Moody Press, 1981), 140.
8
Armstrong, A History of God, 79.
9
1-ое послание к Коринфянам 15:3-7.
10
Lee Strobel, “Jury in Makeshift Courtroom Hears Dying Boy Tell of Attack,” Chicago Tribune (February 24, 1976).
11
Евангелие от Луки 1:1–4.
12
Simon Greenleaf, The Testimony of the Evangelists (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1984), vii.
13
Цит. пo: Craig Blomberg, “Where Do We Start Studying Jesus?” in Michael J. Wilkins and J.P. Moreland, eds., Jesus under Fire (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995), 34.
14
См. Gleason L. Archer, The Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1982) and Norman Geisler and Thomas Howe, When Critics Ask (Wheaton, 111.: Victor, 1992).
15
См. Lee Patrick Strobel, Reckless Homicide: Fords Pinto Trial (South Bend, Ind.: And Books, 1980), 75 - 92 и Lee Strobel, God’s Outrageous Claims (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1997), 43 - 58. В конечном итоге с “Форда” были сняты уголовные обвинения (судья отозвал документы из суда присяжных), но иск против производителя был удовлетворен в гражданском суде. Впервые об обвинениях против “Пинто” сообщил журнал “Mother Jones ”.
16
F. F. Bruce, The Books and the Parchments (Old Tappan, N.J.: Revell, 1963), 178, цит. no: Josh McDowell, Evidence That Demands a Verdict (1972; reprint, San Bernardino, Calif.: Here’s Life, 1986), 42.
17
Frederic Kenyon, Handbook to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament (New York: Macmillan, 1912), 5, цит. no: Ross Clifford, The Case for the Empty Tomb (Claremont, Calif.: Albatross, 1991), 33.
18
Frederic Kenyon, The Bible and Archaeology (New York: Harper, 1940), 288.
19
Norman L. Geisler and William E. Nix, A General Introduction to the Bible (1968; reprint, Chicago: Moody Press, 1980), 361.
20
Там же, 367, курсив мой.
21
Patzia, The Making of the New Testament, 158.
22
Benjamin B. Warfield, Introduction to Textual Criticism of the New Testament (London: Hodder Sc Stoughton, 1907), 12-13.
23
Geisler and Nix, A General Introduction to the Bible, 195. Гейслер и Никс отмечают, что некоторые исследователи включают в число “сомнительных” книг Послание к Филимону, 1-ое послание Петра и 1-ое послание Иоанна, но “по-видимому, эти книги следует причислить скорее к “пропущенным”, нежели к “сомнительным”.
24
Там же, 207.
25
Там же, 199. Сюда не вошли апокрифы, которые были признаны в то или иное время отдельными церквями, а в наши дни считаются ценными, хотя и не каноническими. Примеры: “Пастырь Ерма”, “Послание к Коринфянам” (3-е), “Послание Псевдо-Варнавы”, “Дидахи”, “Апокалипсис Петра”, “Деяния Павла и Феклы”, “2-ое Послание Святого Климента”.
26
Там же.
27
Webster s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language (New York: Gramercy, 1989), 328.
28
Maurice Possley, “Mob Hit Man Aleman Gets One Hundred to Three Hundred Years,” Chicago Tribune (November 26,1997).
29
Charles Templeton, Act of God (New York: Bantam, 1979), 152.
30
Josephus, The Antiquities 20.200. См. тж. Edwin Yamauchi, “Josephus and the Scriptures,” Fides et Hisioria 13 (1980), 42-63.
31
Josephus, The Antiquities 18.63-64.
32
Michael Martin, The Case against Christianity (Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press, 1991), 49.
33
Tacitus, Annals 15.44
34
Pliny the Younger, Letters 10.96.
35
Gary Habermas, The Historical Jesus (Joplin, Mo.: College Press, 1996), 196 -97.
36
Paul L. Maier, Pontius Pilate (Wheaton, Ill.; Tyndale House, 1968), 366, citing a fragment from Phlegon, Olympiades he Chronika 13, ed. Otto Keller, Rerum Naturalium Scriptores Graeci Minores, 1 (Leipzig: Teurber, 1877), 101. Translation by Maier.
37
См. P. Maier, “Sejanus, Pilate, and the Date of the Crucifixion,” Church History 31 (1968), 1-11.
38
M. Wilcox, “Jesus in the Light of His Jewish Environment,” Aufstieg and Niedergang der romischen Welt 2, no. 25.1 (1982), 133.
39
Luke Timothy Johnson, The Real Jesus (San Francisco: Harper San-Francisco, 1996), 120.
40
Ignatius, Trallians 9.
41
См. Gary Habermas, The Verdict of History (Nashville: Nelson, 1988).
42
Там же, 169.
43
Подробнее см.: Joe McGinniss, Fatal Vision (New York: New American Library, 1989). Описание научных свидетельств см.: Colin Evans, The Casebook of Forensic Detection (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996), 277-80.
44
Евангелие от Луки 18:35; Евангелие от Марка 10:46.
45
Norman Geisler andf Thomas Howe, When Critics Ask (Wheaton, 111.: Victor, 1992), 385.
46
John Ankerberg and John Weldon, Ready with an Answer (Eugene, Ore.: Harvest House, 1997), 272.
47
Michael Martin, The Case Against Christianity (Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press, 1991), 69, курсив мой.
48
John McRay, Archaeology and the New Testament (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1991), 155.
49
Robert Boyd, Tells, Tombs, and Treasure (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1969), 175, цит. no: Habermas, The Historical Jesus, 172.
50
Geisler and Howe, When Critics Ask, 185.
51
Frank Zindler, “Where Jesus Never Walked,” American Atheist (Winter 1996-1997), 34.
52
Ian Wilson, Jesus: The Evidence (1984; reprint, San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1988), 67.
53
Jack Finegan, The Archaeology of the New Testament (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1992), 46.
54
Wilson, Jesus: The Evidence, 67.
55
Wilkins and Moreland, Jesus under Fire, 209.
56
Там же, 211.
57
Kevin D. Miller, “The War of the Scrolls,” Christianity Today (October 6,1997), 44, курсив мой.
58
Joseph Smith, History of the Church, 8 vols. (Salt Lake City: Deseret, 1978), 4:461, цит. no: Donald S. Tingle, Mormonism (Downers Grove, 111.; InterVarsity Press, 1981), 17.
59
John Ankerberg and John Weldon, The Facts on the Mormon Church (Eugene, Ore.: Harvest House, 1991), 30, курсив авторский.
60
Clifford Wilson, Rocks, Relics and Biblical Reliability (Grand Rapids: Zondervan; Richardson, Tex.: Probe, 1977), 120, цит. no: Ankerberg and Weldon, Ready with an Answer, 272.
61
Henry Campbell Black, Black s Law Dictionary, 5th ed. (St. Paul, Minn.: West, 1979), 1139.
62
Lee Strobel, “His T Shot Him’ Stuns Courtroom,” Chicago Tribune (June 20,1975) and “Pal’s Confession Fails; Defendant Ruled Guilty,” Chicago Tribune (June 21,1975).
63
Gregory A. Boyd, Jesus under Siege (Wheaton, 111.: Victor, 1995), 88.
64
John Dominic Crossan, The Historical Jesus (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1991), 329.
65
Johnson, The Real Jesus, 3,5,8.
66
Там же, 26.
67
Там же.
68
Marjorie Rosen, “Getting Inside the Mind of a Serial Killer,” Biography (October 1997), 62-65.
69
Там же, 64.
70
R. Е. Brown, “Did Jesus Know He Was God?” Biblical Theology Bulletin 15 (1985), 78, цит. no: Ben Witherington III, The Christology of Jesus (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1990), 277.
71
Jaroslav Pelikan, The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, vol.l, The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100- 600) (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1971), 173, цит. no: William Lane Craig, Reasonable Faith (Westchester, 111.: Crossway, 1994), 243.
72
Craig, Reasonable Faith, 252.
73
Там же, 244.
74
Royce Gordon Gruenler, New Approaches to Jesus and the Gospels (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1982), 74.
75
James D. G. Dunn, Jesus and the Spirit (London: SCM Press, 1975), 60, цит. no: Craig, Reasonable Faith, 252, курсив мой.
76
Leland Н. Gregory III, “Top Ten Government Bloopers,” George (November 1997), 78.
77
Charles Templeton, Farewell to God (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1996), 112.
78
Wilson, Jesus: The Evidence, 141.
79
Там же, 109.
80
“A Case of Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythrodermia of Brocq Treated by Hypnosis,” British Medical Journal 2 (1952), 996, цит. no: Wilson, Jesus: The Evidence, 103.
81
M. Scott Peck, People of the Lie (NewYork: Touchstone, 1997).
82
Wilson, Jesus: The Evidence, 107.
83
C. S. Lewis, The Screwtape Letters (London: Collins-Fontana, 1942), 9.
84
Philip Schaff, The Person of Christ (New York: American Tract Society, 1918), 97, цит. no: McDowell, Evidence That Demands a Verdict, 107.
85
Maria Donato, “That Guilty Look,” Chicago Tribune (April 1,1994).
86
Denny Johnson, “Police Add Electronic ‘Sketch Artist’ to Their Bag of Tricks,” Chicago Tribune (June 22,1997).
87
Templeton, Farewell to God, 230.
88
Morton Smith, “Biblical Arguments for Slavery,” Free Inquiry (Spring 1987), 30.
89
Thomas Sowell, Race and Culture (New York: Basic, 1995).
90
Josh McDowell and Bart Larson, Jesus: A Biblical Defense of His Deity (San Bernardino, Calif.: Here’s Life, 1983), 62-64.
91
Evans, The Casebook of Forensic Detection, 98-100.
92
Lee Strobel, “Textbook’ Thumbprint Aids Conviction in Coed’s Killing,” Chicago Tribune (June 29, 1976).
93
Подробнее об исполнении пророчеств см.: McDowell, Evidence That Demands a Verdict, 141-77.
94
Peter W. Stoner, Science Speaks (Chicago: Moody Press, 1969), 109.
95
Дискуссию о пророчестве Даниила см.: Robert С. Newman, “Fulfilled Prophecy As Miracle,” in R. Douglas Geivett and Gary R. Habermas eds., In Defense of Miracles (Downers Grove, 111.: InterVarsity Press, 1997), 214-25.
96
Stan Telchin, Betrayed! (Grand Rapids: Chosen, 1982).
97
Ruth Rosen, ed., Jewish Doctors Meet the Great Physician (San Francisco: Purple Pomegranate, 1997), 9-23.
98
Там же, 34-35.
99
Surah IV: 156-57.
100
Wilson, Jesus: The Evidence, 140.
101
Craig, Reasonable Faith, 234.
102
D. H. Lawrence, Love among the Haystacks and Other Stories (New York: Penguin, 1960), 125.
103
Hugh Schonfield, The Passover Plot (New York: Bantam, 1965), 165.
104
Habermas, The Verdict of History, 56.
105
Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh, and Henry Lincoln, Holy Blood, Holy Grail (New York: Delacorte, 1982), 372.
106
Johnson, The Real Jesus, 30.
107
J. W. Hewitt, “The Use of Nails in the Crucifixion,” Harvard Theological Review 25 (1932), 29-45, цит. no: Josh McDowell, The Resurrection Factor (San Bernardino, Calif.: Here’s Life, 1981), 45.
108
William D. Edwards et al., “On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ,” Journal of the American Medical Association (March 21,1986), 1455-63.
109
Gerald O’Collins, The Easter Jesus (London: Dartoif, Longman & Todd, 1973), 134, цит. no: Craig, The Son Rises, 136.
110
Видеозапись дискуссии см.: William Lane Craig and Frank Zindler, Atheism vs. Christianity: Where Does the Evidence Point? (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1993), videocassette.
111
Templeton, Farewell to God, 120.
112
Martin, The Case against Christianity, 78-79.
113
Там же, 81.
114
Michael Grant, Jesus: An Historian s Review of the Gospels (New York: Charles Schribner’s Sons, 1977), 176.
115
Kirsopp Lake, The Historical Evidence for the Resurrection of Jesus Christ (London: Williams & Norgate, 1907), 247 - 79, цит. по: William Lane Craig, Knowing the Truth about the Resurrection (Ann Arbor, Mich.: Servant, 1988), 35-36.
116
J. N. D. Anderson, The Evidence for the Resurrection (Downers Grove, 111.: InterVarsity Press, 1966), 20.
117
“Bomb Victim’s Body Not in Grave,” Chicago Tribune (January 14, 1998).
118
Martin, The Case against Christianity, 87.
119
Gary Habermas and Antony Flew, Did Jesus Rise from the Dead? The Resurrection Debate (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1987), xiv.
120
Там же, xv.
121
Martin, The Case against Christianity, 90.
122
Craig, The Son Rises, 125.
123
John Drane, Introducing the New Testament (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1986), 99.
124
Michael Green, Christ Is Risen: So What? (Kent, England: Sovereign World, 1995), 34.
125
Цит. тж.: Gary Habermas and J. P. Moreland, Immortality: The Other Side of Death (Nashville: Nelson, 1992), 60.
126
Martin, The Case against Christianity, 75.
127
Carl Braaten, History and Hermeneutics, vol. 2 of New Directions in Theology Today, ed. William Hordern (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1966), 78, цит. no: Habermas and Flew, Did Jesus Rise from the Dead? 24.
128
Michael Green, The Empty Cross of Jesus (Downers Grove, 111.: InterVarsity Press, 1984), 97, цит. no: Ankerberg and Weldon, Knowing the Truth about the Resurrection, 22, курсив авторский.
129
Black, Black s Law Dictionary, 221.
130
См. Josh McDowell, More Than a Carpenter (Wheaton, III: Living Books, 1977), 60-71.
131
C. F. D. Moule, The Phenomenon of the New Testament (London: SCM Press, 1967), 3.
132
Donald McFarlan, ed., The Guinness Book of World Records (New York: Bantam, 1991), 547.
133
Clifford, The Case for the Empty Tomb, 112.
134
А. N. Sherwin-White, Roman Society and Roman Law in the New Testament (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963), 188-91.
135
Biomberg, “Where Do We Start Studying Jesus?” in Wilkins and Moreland, Jesus under Fire, 43, курсив мой.
136
Craig, The Son Rises, 102, курсив мой.
137
Julius Muller, The Theory of Myths, in Its Application to the Gospel History, Examined and Confuted (London: John Chapman, 1844), 26, цит. no: Craig, The Son Rises, 101.
138
The Journey (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996).
139
Michael Murphy, “The Two-Sided Game of Christian Faith,” in John Warwick Montgomery, ed., Christianity for the Tough-Minded (Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1973), 125, цит. no: Ankerberg and Weldon, Knowing the Truth about the Resurrection, 44.
140
C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity (New York: Macmillan-Collier, 1960), 55-56.