Gall, Timothy L. Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life, 3rd ed. Vol. 5, Europe. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale, 2009. 61.
Хотейошо: всевидящий монах. Япония
Crump, William D. “Japan.” The Christmas Encyclopedia, 3rd ed. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2013.
Фрау Холле: колдунья из колодца. Германия
Stern, James, et al. “Frau Holle.” The Complete Grimm’s Fairy Tales. London: Pantheon Books, 1972. 134–36.
“Holda.” The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide. Abington, UK: Helicon, 2008.
Zipes, Jack. “Mother Holle.” The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2005
Бефана: добродушная рождественская ведьма. Италия
“Befana Festival.” Cultural Studies: Holidays Around the World, 6th ed. Edited by Pearline Jaikumar. Detroit: Omnigraphics, 2018.
Angelos, James. “The Season of the Witch: Forest Hills.” New York Times. January 11, 2009.
Крампус: рождественский дьявол. Австрия
Ridenour, Al. The Krampus and the Old, Dark Christmas: Roots and Rebirth of the Folkloric Devil. Port Townsend, WA: Feral House, 2016.
Ridenour, Al. “The Truth About Krampus.” Atlas Obscura. November 29, 2013.
Billock, Jennifer. “The Origin of Krampus, Europe’s Evil Twist on Santa.” Smithsonian online. December 4, 2015.
Lauer-Williams, Kathy. “The History of Belsnickel: Santa’s Cranky Cousin.” Morning Call. November 29, 2013.
Christmas in France. Chicago: World Book, 1996. 16.
Cellania, Miss. “8 Legendary Monsters of Christmas.” Mental Floss. December 21, 2017.
Грила и Йоласвейнары: неугомонные горные озорники. Исландия
“First Yule Lads Arrive.” Iceland Review. December 15, 2014.
Nuwer, Rachel. “Meet the Thirteen Yule Lads, Iceland’s Own Mischievous Santa Clauses.” Smithsonian online. December 17, 2013.
Palmer, Alex. “Why Iceland’s Christmas Witch Is Much Cooler (and Scarier) Than Krampus.” Smithsonian online. December 20, 2017.
Miles, Clement A. Christmas in Ritual and Tradition. London, UK: T. Fisher Unwin, 1912.
Каликандзары: рождественские гоблины-дровосеки. Греция, Болгария и Сербия
Baker, Margaret. Discovering Christmas Customs and Folklore: A Guide to Seasonal Rites. London: Shire Publications, 2007. 108.
Raedisch, Linda. The Old Magic of Christmas: Yuletide Traditions for the Darkest Days of the Year. Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Worldwide, 2013.
Бутнмандли: дружелюбные лешие. Берхтесгаден, Германия
Christmas in Today’s Germany. Chicago: World Book, 1993. 34.
Ridenour, Al. The Krampus and the Old, Dark Christmas: Roots and Rebirth of the Folkloric Devil. Port Townsend, WA: Feral House, 2016.