выгрузить из-под спуда (phras.), to discover something, to bring something to light.
адъюнкт-профессор (hist.), associate professor.
Гердер, Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803), German philosopher, writer and philologist.
Шлецер, August Ludwig von Schlozer (1735–1809), German historian and philologist who worked in Russia for several years; associate professor of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
Миллер (correct name, Мю́ллер), Johannes von Muller (1752–1809), Swiss historian.
Шиллер, Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (1759–1805), German poet, philosopher and historian.
Аристофан, Aristophanes (c. 445-c. 385 В. C.), author of classical Greek plays, "the father of comedy".
бояре (hist.), boyars; big landowners, Muscovy’s aristocracy
физиогно́мия (arch.) = физионо́мия, physiognomy; facial features, characteristic facial expression.
Дашков, Dmitry Vasilyevich Dashkov (1788–1839), man of letters and high-ranking official who held the post of Minister of Justice in 1832-39.
балагур, joker, jovial fellow.
Котляревский, Ivan Petrovich Kotlyarevsky (1769–1838), Ukrainian writer, author of the mock-heroic poem Aeneid.
Гулак-Артемовский, Pyotr Petrovich Gulak-Artemovsky (1790–1865), Ukrainian writer, author of saiirical fables, ballads and lyric poems.
Зябловский, Yevdokim Filippovich Zyablovsky (1763–1846), professor of statistics at St. Petersburg University. His courses in geography were reprinted several times.
дивчина (Ukr.), young girl.
ижица (hist.), the last letter of the Russian alphabet as it existed before the Revolution; represented the vowel [и].
старосветский, old-fashioned, old-world.
кляузник (from кля́уза, cavil, slander), squealer, gossiper.
земность, here: mercantile, ulterior motives.
храм Фемиды, a law court; Феми́да, Themis, is the Greek goddess of justice.
канцелярский (here, a noun), a clerk.
Адмиралтейская игла, the spire of the Admiralty building in St. Petersburg.
типаж, the totality of features characteristic of a certain human type.
детище Петра, i. e., St. Petersburg, which was founded in 1703 by Peter I.
Некрасов. Nikolai Alexeyevich Nekrasov (1821–1877), Russian poet, author of the long poems The Red-Nosed Frost, Russian Women, Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia, and many lyric poems.
Достоевский, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky (1821–1881), Russian writer, author of Crime and Punishment.
The Idiot, The Brothers Karamazov, The Possessed, Raw Youth, etc.
Блок, Alexander Alexandrovich Blok (1880–1921), Russian poet, author of long poems (Retribution and